ISSUES - Year 2010
ISSN 8755-6839
VOLUME
29, No. 3 (2010)
ABSTRACTS
for Volume 29, No 3
Complete Journal - STHVol29N3Y2010 (PDF Document 18.2 MB)
Journal in compressed format - STHVol29N3Y2010 (PDF Document 3.2 MB)
ESTIMATION OF EXPECTED MAXIMUM WATER LEVEL DUE TO TIDE AND TSUNAMI INTERACTION ALONG THE COASTAL BELTS OF PENANG ISLAND IN PENINSULAR MALAYSIA (2.4 MB) Compressed Version (1.5 MB)
Md. Fazlul Karim - Department of Electrical and Communication Engineering, Institute Technology, BRUNEI
Ahmad Izani Md. Ismail
- School of Mathematical Sciences, University Sains, MALAYSIA
ABSTRACT
In this paper, an estimate of the expected maximum water levels associated with tide and tsunami interaction is computed along the coastal belts of Penang Island in Peninsular Malaysia. For this purpose, a nonlinear Polar coordinate shallow water model of the Indonesian tsunami of 2004 by Roy et al. (2007b) is used. Appropriate tidal condition is generated in the domain by applying tidal forcing through the western open sea boundary. For studying tide and tsunami interaction, the 2004 Indonesian tsunami is introduced in the previously generated tidal oscillation. The expected maximum possible water level along the coastal belts of Penang Island is estimated based on the interaction of tide and tsunami for different tidal conditions (high and low tidal periods). It is seen that the surge level is very sensitive towards the coastal belts due to interaction during high tide. The west coast of Penang Island is found to be vulnerable for stronger surge due to interaction. The influence of tidal wave on the tsunami wave height towards Penang Island is also investigated. The tide was found to have a significant effect in tsunami enhancement in the coastal regions.
Key words: Tide, Surge, Penang Island, Indonesian Tsunami 2004.
Science of Tsunami Hazards, Vol. 29, No. 3, page 127 (2010)
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POTENTIAL DEFICIENCIES IN EDUCATION, INSTRUMENTATION, AND WARNINGS FOR LOCALLY GENERATED TSUNAMIS (6 MB) Compressed Version (328 KB)
Daniel A. Walker - Storm and Tsunami Flood Gauges,
Haleiwa,
Hawaii. USA
ABSTRACT
A review of historical data for Hawaii reveals that significant tsunamis have been reported for only four of twenty-six potentially tsunamigenic earthquakes from 1868 through 2009 with magnitudes of 6.0 or greater. During the same time period, three significant tsunamis have been reported for substantially smaller earthquakes. This historical perspective, the fact that the last significant local tsunami occurred in 1975, and an understandable preoccupation with tsunamis generated around the margins of the Pacific, all combine to suggest apparent deficiencies in: (1) personal awareness of what to do in the event of a possible local tsunami; (2) the distribution of instrumentation capable of providing rapid confirmation that a local tsunami has been generated; and (3) the subsequent issuance of timely warnings for local tsunamis. With these deficiencies, far more lives may be lost in Hawaii due to local tsunamis than will result from tsunamis that have originated along the margins of the Pacific. Similar deficiencies may exist in other areas of the world threatened by local tsunamis.
Key words: Tsunami preparedness; tsunami education; tsunami instrumentation; warning systems; local tsunamis, Hawaii tsunamis
Science of Tsunami Hazards, Vol. 29, No. 2, page 139 (2010)
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TSUNAMI CATALOG AND VULNERABILITY OF MARTINIQUE
(LESSER ANTILLES, FRANCE) (5.6 MB) Compressed Version ( 556 KB)
Accary, F. - Université Paris, Panthéon-Sorbonne, Laboratoire de Géographie Physique, Paris, FRANCE; Ecole Normale Supérieure, Laboratoire de Géologie, Paris, FRANCE
Roger, J. - Ecole Normale Supérieure, Laboratoire de Géologie, Paris, FRANCE
ABSTRACT
In addition to meteorological hazards (hurricanes, heavy rainfalls, long-period swells, etc.), the Caribbean Islands are vulnerable to geological hazards such as earthquakes, landslides and volcanic eruptions caused by the complex tectonic activity and interactions in the region. Such events have generated frequently local or regional tsunamis, which often have affected the island of Martinique in the French West Indies. Over the past centuries, the island has been struck by destructive waves associated with local or regional events - such as those associated with the eruption of the Saint-Vincent volcano in 1902 and by tsunamis of distant origin as that generated by the 1755 Lisbon earthquake.
The present study includes a classification of tsunamis that have affected Martinique since its discovery in 1502. It is based on international tsunami catalogs, historical accounts, and previous scientific studies and identifies tsunamigenic areas that could potentially generate destructive waves that could impact specific coastal areas of Martinique Island. The potential threat from tsunamis has been greatly increasing because of rapid urban expansion of coastal areas and development of tourism on the island.
Key- words: Tsunami, earthquakes, landslides, volcanic eruptions, Martinique, Caribbean, risk, hazards, vulnerability.
Science of Tsunami Hazards, Vol. 29, No. 3, page 148 (2010)
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ASSESSMENT OF THE TSUNAMIGENIC POTENTIAL ALONG THE NORTHERN CARIBBEAN MARGIN
- Case Study: Earthquake and Tsunamis of 12 January 2010 in Haiti. (4.1 MB) Compressed Version (644 KB)
George Pararas-Carayannis - Tsunami Society International, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
ABSTRACT
The potential tsunami risk for Hispaniola, as well as for the other Greater Antilles Islands is assessed by reviewing the complex geotectonic processes and regimes along the Northern Caribbean margin, including the convergent, compressional and collisional tectonic activity of subduction, transition, shearing, lateral movements, accretion and crustal deformation caused by the eastward movement of the Caribbean plate in relation to the North American plate. These complex tectonic interactions have created a broad, diffuse tectonic boundary that has resulted in an extensive, internal deformational sliver slab - the Gonāve microplate as well as further segmentation into two other microplates with similarly diffused boundary characteristics where tsunamigenic earthquakes have and will again occur. The Gonāve microplate is the most prominent along the Northern Caribbean margin and extends from the Cayman Spreading Center to the middle of the island of Hispaniola. The northern boundary of this sliver microplate is defined by the Oriente strike-slip fault south of Cuba, which appears to be an extension of the fault system traversing the northern part of Hispaniola, while the southern boundary is defined by another major strike-slip fault zone where the Haiti earthquake of 12 January 2010 occurred. Potentially tsunamigenic regions along the Northern Caribbean margin are located not only along the boundaries of the Gonāve microplates dominant western transform zone but particularly within the eastern tectonic regimes of the margin where subduction is dominant - particularly along the Puerto Rico trench. The Haiti earthquake of 12 January 2010 and its focal mechanism are examined, as they provide additional clues of potential tsunami generation that can occur along transform zones and, more specifically, from interplate and intraplate seismic events and subsequently induced collateral hazards, such as aerial or submarine landslides triggered by strong surface seismic waves.
Key Words: Tsunami, Haiti, Hispaniola, Caribbean northern margin, Seismotectonics.
Science of Tsunami Hazards, Vol. 29, No. 3, page 175 (2010)
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