ISSUES - Year 2010
ISSN 8755-6839
Complete Journal - STHVol29N1Y2010
(PDF Document 5.2 MB)
ABSTRACTS
for Volume 29, No 1
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SATELLITE TRANSMITTED FLOOD ALERTS TO REDUCE FATALITIES AND INJURIES ON THE ISLAND OF HAWAII ASSOCIATED WITH LOCALLY GENERATED TSUNAMIS
Daniel A. Walker
- Storm and Tsunami Flood Gauges,
Haleiwa, Hawaii, USA
ABSTRACT
Tsunami detection instruments were installed along remote shoreline campgrounds of Hawaii Volcanoes National Park in August of 2009. Components include water sensing devices at elevations of about 10 feet above sea level located at distances of about 200 feet from the shoreline and satellite communicators located further inland at higher elevations that will send daily status reports and flood alerts from the water sensors as they occur to the Pacific Tsunami Warning Center in Honolulu. Such instruments will provide for earlier warnings of significant locally generated tsunamis than previously possible. These instruments will also provide a basis for early warnings of locally generated tsunamis to those campgrounds using siren systems to be designed specifically for those remote environments. Suggestions of additional actions that could also reduce future fatalities and injuries at those campgrounds as a result of locally generated tsunamis are also provided in this report.
SATELLITE TRANSMITTED FLOOD ALERTS TO REDUCE FATALITIES AND INJURIES ON THE ISLAND OF HAWAII ASSOCIATED WITH LOCALLY GENERATED TSUNAMIS
Science of Tsunami Hazards, Vol. 29, No. 1 Pages 1 - 10 (2010)
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DESIGN LOAD EVALUATION FOR TSUNAMI SHELTERS BASED ON DAMAGE OBSERVATIONS AFTER INDIAN OCEAN TSUNAMI DISASTER DUE TO THE 2004 SUMATRA EARTHQUAKE
Y. Nakano -
Professor, Dept. of Fundamental Engineering, Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, JAPAN
ABSTRACT
Tsunami shelters are of great importance to mitigate casualties by earthquake-induced killer waves, and the design guidelines for their practical design are recently developed by a task committee under the Japanese Cabinet Office, since great earthquakes significantly affecting coastal regions are expected to occur in the near future in Japan. Although they propose a practical design formula to calculate tsunami loads acting on shelters, it is derived primarily based on laboratory tests with scaled models but not on damage observations. It is therefore essential to examine the design loads through comparison between observed damage and structural strength. In December 2004, a huge scale Sumatra Earthquake caused extensive and catastrophic damage to 12 countries in the Indian Ocean. The author visited Sri Lanka and Thailand to survey structural damage due to tsunami, and investigated the relationship between damage to structures, lateral strengths computed based on their member properties, and observed tsunami heights. In the survey, 28 simple structures generally found in the affected coastal regions were investigated. The investigated results show that the design tsunami loads proposed in the guidelines are found rational to avoid serious damage but may not be conservative if the load amplification due to drifting debris is taken into account.
DESIGN LOAD EVALUATION FOR TSUNAMI SHELTERS BASED ON DAMAGE OBSERVATIONS AFTER INDIAN OCEAN TSUNAMI DISASTER DUE TO THE 2004 SUMATRA EARTHQUAKE
Science of Tsunami Hazards, Vol. 29, No. 1 Pages 11 - 20 (2010)
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A STUDY OF THE EDGE WAVE EFFECTS INDUCED BY THE TSUNAMI OF 26 DECEMBER 2004 AT PHI-PHI ISLAND IN THAILAND
R.H.C. Wong - Dept. of Civil & Structural Engineering, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, CHINA
H.Y Lin - Dept. of Civil & Structural Engineering, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, CHINA
K.T. Chau - Dept. of Civil & Structural Engineering, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, CHINA
O.W.H. Wai - Dept. of Civil & Structural Engineering, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, CHINA
ABSTRACT
The present study compares experimental laboratory results of the edge wave effect along Phi-Phi Island in Thailand with field-trip observations taken after the 26 December 2004 tsunami. A physical model of the island was constructed, with vertical scale of 1:500 and horizontal scale of 1:2500 in a 6×6 m steel tank. Waves were generated by the sudden opening of a gate releasing water from an elongated rectangular reservoir (6m×0.5m×0.6m). The initial tank water level was adjusted to simulate tsunami waves of various heights. The experimental observations focused on input wave heights, speed of propagation and the effect of edge waves on tsunami run up heights. The results explain how edge wave propagation was strongly affected by the size and shape of Phi-Phi Island and how it contributed to greater destruction. Additionally, the experimental observations provide valuable benchmark results that can help calibrate and validate numerical tsunami
A STUDY OF THE EDGE WAVE EFFECTS INDUCED BY THE TSUNAMI OF 26 DECEMBER 2004 AT PHI-PHI ISLAND IN THAILAND
Science of Tsunami Hazards, Vol. 29, No. 1 Pages 21 - 31 (2010)
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DETERMINISTIC ANALYSIS OF THE TSUNAMI HAZARD IN CHINA
Yefei Ren - Dept. of Information Technology and Engineering Material, Institute of Engineering Mechanics, Harbin. CHINA
Ruizhi Wen - Dept. of Information Technology and Engineering Material, Institute of Engineering Mechanics, Harbin. CHINA
Baofeng Zhou - Dept. of Information Technology and Engineering Material, Institute of Engineering Mechanics, Harbin. CHINA
Dacheng Shi - Dept. of Information Technology and Engineering Material, Institute of Engineering Mechanics, Harbin. CHINA
ABSTRACT
Seismic hazard analysis has reached a level of maturity in China. Such work has contributed significantly towards improvements of the national infrastructure in effecting programs of disaster preparedness and mitigation. However, the work on tsunami risk assessment is still in a preliminary stage. The present study proposes a deterministic method of tsunami hazard analysis based on coastal bathymetry and morphology, as well as on mathematical simulations, and evaluates the potential tsunami risk to China’s coastal areas.
DETERMINISTIC ANALYSIS OF THE TSUNAMI HAZARD IN CHINA
Science of Tsunami Hazards, Vol. 29, No. 1 Pages 32 - 42 (2010)
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